Nanocompuestos poliméricos para adsorción de contaminantes orgánicos
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La contaminación y escasez de agua se han consolidado como desafíos globales de creciente magnitud. Los efluentes presentes en reservas de agua contienen altas concentraciones de contaminantes tóxicos, destacándose entre ellos los compuestos orgánicos. La exposición a estas sustancias representa un riesgo latente tanto para la salud humana como para el ecosistema. Para abordar esta problemática, se ha propuesto la implementación de la nanotecnología en la creación de materiales con propiedades adsorbentes. Los nanocompuestos poliméricos son sistemas multifase en los cuales al menos una de las fases presenta dimensiones nanométricas y, cuando se logra una adecuada sinergia entre sus componentes, se pueden mejorar significativamente las propiedades del material. Asimismo, la adsorción se caracteriza por ser un método eficaz para la eliminación de contaminantes, ofreciendo múltiples ventajas operativas a un bajo costo. La incorporación de nanoarcillas, nanopartículas metálicas y nanopartículas a base de carbono en matrices poliméricas son ejemplos de materiales que demuestran altos niveles de adsorción de contaminantes orgánicos en medio acuoso. En esta revisión se abordan los avances más recientes en el desarrollo y aplicación de nanocompuestos poliméricos para la adsorción de colorantes, fármacos y toxinas en el tratamiento de aguas residuales.
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Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, editada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://www.mundonano.unam.mx.
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