Nanotubos de carbono: mercado global, interacciones ambientales y el reto regulatorio en México
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La creciente producción y uso de nanomateriales, en particular de nanotubos de carbono, ha generado una preocupación creciente debido a su liberación al medio ambiente y a la limitada regulación existente, especialmente en países como México, donde el conocimiento y la accesibilidad de las normas son aún insuficientes. Esta situación plantea un riesgo potencial para los ecosistemas, la seguridad alimentaria y los procesos de biorremediación, debido a la interacción de estos materiales con organismos vivos. En este contexto, el presente trabajo analiza la interacción de los nanomateriales con el medio ambiente, con especial énfasis en las plantas, las cuales representan una vía crítica de entrada a la cadena trófica y una línea de investigación aún poco explorada en comparación con estudios en humanos. En primer lugar, se presentan aspectos generales de los nanomateriales de carbono, incluyendo su síntesis y clasificación, con un enfoque particular en los nanotubos de carbono, debido a sus destacadas propiedades y su amplia producción y uso a nivel nacional e internacional. Posteriormente, se discuten estudios relacionados con su interacción en sistemas vegetales y sus posibles implicaciones. Finalmente, se analizan las normas mexicanas aplicables a nanomateriales, identificando aquellas vinculadas con el medio ambiente y su impacto en plantas. Se discuten además las principales limitaciones asociadas con su implementación, tales como su carácter no obligatorio y su limitada difusión, evidenciando la necesidad de fortalecer el marco regulatorio y su aplicación en el contexto nacional.
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Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, editada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://www.mundonano.unam.mx.
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