Comprehensive evaluation of the antibacterial activity of nanomaterials
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Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Today, the adquisition of multi-antibiotic resistance by pathogenic bacteria increases the difficulty of treating microbial infections, creating a significant global health problem. Therefore, finding new therapeutic alternatives and new antimicrobial agents is essential. In this sense, nanomaterials with antimicrobial activity, or “nanoantibiotics,” represent a real and practical alternative against infectious agents, primarily of viral and bacterial origin. Among these materials, metallic nanoparticles stand out, exerting a generalized antimicrobial effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and can also enhance the antimicrobial effect of existing antibiotics. For antibacterial nanomaterials, it is essential to characterize their properties using standardized protocols for their evaluation and comparison. These protocols include determining the minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum inhibitory concentration, median lethal dose, bactericidal time of action, effective concentration, and the exposure time required to achieve antimicrobial activity against a specific bacterial load. Determining the reusability and bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect of nanomaterials is also essential. This paper describes some of these protocols in detail, emphasizing the scope of the techniques and their correct interpretation.
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Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología por Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://www.mundonano.unam.mx.
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