Toxicidad diferencial de nanopartículas de Ag y TiO2: un estudio comparativo en células endoteliales humanas y embriones de pez cebra
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Este estudio compara la toxicidad de nanopartículas de plata (Ag NPs, 20 nm) y dióxido de titanio (TiO₂ NPs, 30 nm, fase anatasa) en células HUVEC y embriones de pez cebra. La caracterización, mediante microscopía electrónica, difracción de rayos X y espectroscopía UV-Vis, confirmó sus dimensiones nanoestructuradas y su tendencia a agregarse. En medios biológicos, ambas mostraron incrementos en diámetro hidrodinámico, atribuido a un recubrimiento de PVP que reduce su biodisponibilidad. Las NPs de Ag disminuyeron de tamaño en agua para embriones, mientras que las de TiO₂ aumentaron en medio F-12. In vitro, las NPs de Ag exhibieron mayor citotoxicidad, vinculada a la potencial liberación de iones Ag⁺ y a estrés oxidativo. En pez cebra, las NPs de TiO₂ causaron pérdida de pigmentación y reducción de supervivencia (83.13% a 25 µg/mL), mientras que las de Ag mostraron toxicidad mínima, pese a acumularse en el corion. Esta divergencia se explica por el recubrimiento de PVP, que podría estar inhibiendo la liberación de Ag⁺ in vivo, pero no en cultivos ricos en proteínas. Los resultados revelan perfiles tóxicos modelo-dependientes: las NPs de Ag poseen mayor riesgo celular, mientras que las de TiO₂ afectan procesos de desarrollo en vertebrados. El estudio enfatiza la necesidad de integrar caracterización fisicoquímica y evaluaciones multimodelo para evaluaciones nanotoxicológicas precisas.
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Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, editada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://www.mundonano.unam.mx.
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