Producción fotocatalítica de hidrógeno empleando semiconductores modificados con nanopartículas metálicas
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Este trabajo de revisión se centra en la producción fotocatalítica de hidrógeno empleando agentes de sacrificio y semiconductores modificados con nanopartículas metálicas. Mientras que el uso de agentes de sacrificio reduce la energía requerida para la producción de hidrógeno y elimina los huecos fotogenerados, la modificación superficial de los semiconductores con nanopartículas metálicas cambia el flujo de los portadores de carga fotoinducidos, disminuyendo la recombinación de los pares electrón-hueco y aumentando la cantidad de sitios activos catalíticos para la reducción. Además, se describe el impacto de las técnicas electroquímicas y fotoelectroquímicas en la caracterización de los fotocatalizadores, la interfase semiconductor/electrolito y la modificación que tiene el nivel de Fermi cuando se ponen en contacto estos componentes. Dichas determinaciones electroquímicas brindan información sobre el diagrama de bandas (posiciones de banda de valencia y/o de conducción), estados energéticos del semiconductor, interacción del fotocatalizador con los co-catalizadores, separación de las especies electrón-hueco, aprovechamiento de la iluminación y resistencia a la transferencia de carga. La relación de la actividad fotocatalítica de los semiconductores y su caracterización electroquímica permite comprender los procesos de transferencia de carga involucrados en dicha reacción.
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Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, editada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://www.mundonano.unam.mx.
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