Sílices mesoporosas: aplicaciones y tendencias de uso en ciencias agrícolas y ambientales Mesoporous silicas: Applications and usage trends in agricultural and environmental sciences
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El deterioro ambiental derivado de las actividades antropogénicas ha impulsado el desarrollo de tecnologías sustentables para la remediación ambiental y la optimización de sistemas productivos. En este contexto, la nanotecnología ha emergido como una herramienta clave, destacando particularmente los nanomateriales de sílice mesoporosa (NSM) por sus propiedades fisicoquímicas excepcionales: elevada área superficial, tamaño de poro uniforme (2-50 nm) y facilidad de modificación química superficial. Estas características permiten su aplicación en la adsorción eficiente de contaminantes ambientales como metales pesados, dióxido de carbono (CO₂), ácido perfluorooctanoico (PFOA) y plaguicidas. En el sector agrícola, los NSM han demostrado gran potencial como sistemas de liberación controlada de agroquímicos (fertilizantes, pesticidas y fitohormonas) en respuesta a estímulos específicos como pH, temperatura y fuerza iónica, reduciendo significativamente las dosis de aplicación y el impacto ambiental. Asimismo, han sido empleados en el desarrollo de sensores para la detección de contaminantes, patógenos y micotoxinas en alimentos, así como en estrategias de transformación genética y bioestimulación vegetal. No obstante, se aborda la necesidad de una evaluación exhaustiva de su biocompatibilidad, y se discute la actual ausencia de marcos regulatorios claros para garantizar una transición segura y responsable desde la investigación hasta su aplicación práctica.
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Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, editada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://www.mundonano.unam.mx.
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