Diminutas pero poderosas: influencia de las nanopartículas de plata en el cerebro e intestino
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Derivado de la creciente incorporación de nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs) en el uso de productos como empaques alimentarios, fármacos, cosméticos, alimentos y bebidas, principalmente por sus propiedades antimicrobianas, el presente trabajo de revisión analiza de manera integrativa el impacto potencial de estas nanopartículas (NPs) en sitios blanco como el sistema nervioso central (SNC) y el intestino delgado (ID), enfatizando mecanismos de toxicidad inducidos por AgNPs. Se abordan efectos a nivel cerebral sobre la barrera hematoencefálica (BHE), cerebelo, astrocitos, células de glioblastoma, así como en el ID y su microbiota, explorando su relación con procesos inflamatorios, formación de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), expresión de proteínas como metalotioneínas (MTs), claudina-5 y otros mediadores celulares. Se destaca que características como el método de síntesis, tamaño, concentración y dosis de las AgNPs son determinantes en sus efectos benéficos o adversos. Esta revisión resalta también la necesidad de establecer marcos regulatorios sólidos para su uso seguro y promueve un enfoque multidisciplinario para evaluar de manera integral los riesgos y beneficios asociados con el uso de AgNPs, así como alianzas globales que garanticen su implementación segura y efectiva hacia un futuro más responsable y sostenible.
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Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, editada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://www.mundonano.unam.mx.
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