Aerogel de PVA cargado con nanopartículas biogénicas de selenio: propiedades fisicoquímicas y ensayos de citotoxicidad
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En la actualidad, el cáncer cervicouterino es considerado una de las principales causas de mortalidad en mujeres a nivel mundial, resaltando la necesidad urgente de desarrollar estrategias terapéuticas que actúen de manera conjunta, efectiva y selectiva. Las nanopartículas de selenio (SeNPs) y los nanocompositos (NC) podrían surgir como sistemas de liberación de quimioterapéuticos para mejorar la eficacia de los tratamientos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto citotóxico de nanopartículas (NPs) de selenio (Se) sintetizadas biogénicamente con extracto de Amphipterygium glaucum sobre células HeLa (cáncer cervicouterino) en cultivo 2D. Las SeNPs obtenidas presentaron un pico de máxima absorción a 275 nm (UV-Vis), un tamaño promedio de 14 nm y morfología semiesférica (TEM). Estas SeNPs se incorporaron en un aerogel de alcohol polivinílico (PVA), resultando en un NC con un peso molecular de 130,000 (SeNPs@PVA130), cuya distribución de Se y estructura porosa se confirmó por SEM. El análisis de espectroscopía FTIR-ATR evidenció interacciones entre los grupos funcionales del extracto y el Se, sugiriendo su papel como agente reductor y estabilizante. El ensayo bromuro de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolio (MTT) demostró un efecto citotóxico dependiente de la concentración, con valores de IC₅₀ de 93.8 µg/mL para las SeNPs y de 4.5 µg/mL para SeNPs@PVA130. Además, el ensayo de anexina V- isotiocianato de fluoresceína (FITC) indicó apoptosis temprana como principal mecanismo de muerte celular y el ensayo de cierre de herida reveló una inhibición significativa de la migración celular. Estos hallazgos respaldan el potencial de estos nanomateriales como agentes citotóxicos y proapoptóticos. En el futuro, se tendrían que contemplar estudios complementarios en sistemas más complejos para ser empleados como coadyuvantes sostenibles junto con los quimioterapéuticos convencionales.
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Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, editada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://www.mundonano.unam.mx.
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