Nanopartículas de plata biogénicas en el tratamiento del cáncer: mecanismos de acción, avances recientes y perspectivas futuras
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El cáncer es una enfermedad compleja y de impacto mundial caracterizado por el crecimiento y la propagación descontrolados de células anormales. Los tratamientos convencionales suelen ser costosos, invasivos y poco específicos, poniendo de relieve la urgente necesidad de terapias novedosas, más eficaces y accesibles. Las nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs) se han convertido en una alternativa prometedora debido a sus propiedades únicas a nanoescala y a su capacidad para inducir citotoxicidad en las células cancerosas a través de diversos mecanismos moleculares. Este artículo revisa la síntesis biológica de las AgNPs, la cual emplea métodos ecológicos y sostenibles utilizando plantas, bacterias y hongos, evitando agentes tóxicos. Se exploran los avances recientes en los mecanismos de acción de las AgNPs contra las células tumorales, incluyendo la inducción del estrés oxidativo, la apoptosis, la autofagia y la liberación selectiva de iones de plata en los microentornos tumorales. Además, se discuten los estudios preclínicos y las perspectivas futuras para su integración en las terapias oncológicas. En conclusión, las AgNPs biogénicas ofrecen una alternativa prometedora para el tratamiento del cáncer, al combinar una alta selectividad con una toxicidad reducida. Sin embargo, es necesario seguir investigando para optimizar su síntesis, garantizar su seguridad y avanzar hacia aplicaciones clínicas, e ir abriendo el camino para terapias contra el cáncer más eficaces y específicas.
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Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, editada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://www.mundonano.unam.mx.
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